Please note that new user registrations disabled at this time.

Nationalism, patriotism and the concept of the national state

Anything goes... just keep it clean.
User avatar
fable
Posts: 30676
Joined: Wed Mar 14, 2001 12:00 pm
Location: The sun, the moon, and the stars.
Contact:

Post by fable »

Originally posted by Chanak
During my training period when I first enlisted in the US Army Signal Corps, I learned that US Army communications doctrine was modeled after the highly efficient system Nazi military forces used. From technique, to hardware...and yes, even propaganda.


One of the tactics Goebbels brilliantly exploited was "seeding" tiny false events across a multitude of media, thus building a much larger impression across time of a culturally accepted attitude. Thus, he placed little things-- like

* An occasional tenement in some low rent district of a major city that went up in flames, killing anyone who was at home because there were no fire escapes, etc. It was always mentioned that the tenement was owned by a Jewish absentee landlord. The event was never reported in the local press, but only elsewhere in the country, because these fires never occurred.

* The arrest of an occasional spy for France (the French were loathed at the time, because of the ignominious treaty forced on the Germans after WWI by Clemenceau), who bore a Jewish last name.

* False advertisements for speciality stores selling extremely luxurious goods for ridiculously high prices. This was at a time when German inflation was awful (more than 1000% per week), and most Germans lived on the edge of poverty. The store always bore again a Jewish name.

...and many others; these are simply some of the most often used examples. The point was to create a general impression of Jews undermining Gerrmany, living off its wealth while others starved, and callously causing the death of the poor. If you plant these across a period of several years, as Goebbels did, throughout the regional radio system, you can strongly channel the urge to find a scapegoat into one specific direction. It worked. It all worked so hellishly well. And a variant of the same technique was used, for example, by Nixon in displaying scenes of Vietnam bodybags alongside a smiling, waving Hubert Humphrey; and more recently and thoroughly, in the "hate radio" stations of Rwanda and Burundi.
To the Righteous belong the fruits of violent victory. The rest of us will have to settle for warm friends, warm lovers, and a wink from a quietly supportive universe.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

Aw, fable - you really just harshed my mellow...

I’m gonna break your post up a bit to better try to address the points you have raised. First, the point regarding (what I term) free will.
Originally posted by fable
As far as free will is concerned, I confess to not understanding where you're coming from, and not having much interest in where that point is going. People, all of us, are subject to influence all the time, to a greater or lesser extent; and most of the buying habits of the first world are controlled by what has been called for the last half century "the persuasion industry."

Arguing that "people can decide for themselves" completely overlooks the fact that people who are started early enough on accepting what they see and hear, don't; and that they can be massaged into accepting and promulgating whatever anybody is willing to sell them. Or as a college professor of mine put it back in Marketing 101, many years ago: "Given enough money and exposure, anybody can be made to believe anything. That is our goal" I have never forgotten that. And the industry has tons of evidence backing this view, which bolsters their efforts to sell their product. It explains why advertisers put billions of dollars each year into selling swimsuited girls behind the wheels of cars--and why they feel it works extremely well, even at more than 1 million dollars per minute for a commercial during the Super Bowl. If they didn't know it worked, they wouldn't invest in it. And if the ads made you think someone was trying to win you over, then it wouldn't be very effective advertising.
Let me try to make this clear. I really believe each of my preceding posts does a good job of communicating my thoughts on the subject, but I am always willing to accept that my skills as a communicator are not equal to the task.

You have stated that because patriotism does not exist where it is not taught, QED, patriotism is a false idea. It is unnatural. It does not spring from reasoned thought processes, but rather from indoctrination and inculcation.

I disagree.

I am fully aware (and have stated previously) that I have no doubt that people can be manipulated, swayed, taught, etc. I have no problem with your assertion that this occurs in everyday life. So much we agree on.

My point is only this: you present yourself as not patriotic in the common sense of the word. It seems that you have gone beyond the indoctrination, the manipulation, the Hidden Persuasion all around us. I accept this also. I have no problem believing that you have seen through such foolishness, and have an accurate understanding of who you are, your place in society, your own desires, and your own idea of America. This is what I have (perhaps poorly) termed free will. You are not hopelessly bound by this Hidden Persuasion. You can move beyond it. You can see the truth, because the truth is out there. (Insert X-Files theme music here.)

What I am asking is: can someone be patriotic and yet not have this patriotism be simply the product of some grand manipulation? I believe so. That has been my point from beginning to end.

You state above: “Arguing that ‘people can decide for themselves’ completely overlooks the fact that people who are started early enough on accepting what they see and hear, don't; and that they can be massaged into accepting and promulgating whatever anybody is willing to sell them.” Again, I do not disagree that such things can indeed happen – and have happened – and continue to happen every day. I understand you, and I am not simply overlooking such factors. Please understand that. I am simply asking (again): can someone be patriotic and yet not have this patriotism be simply the product of some grand manipulation? Is it conceivable to you? Is it possible? Or are we all just a mindless product of this horrible consumerist/patriotic conspiracy? [As and aside: how you combine patriotism and consumerism is also beyond me – but I suppose that would be dealt with in one of the scholarly works you recommend, eh?]

It’s easy. Yes or no. If you say “no, people can’t be rationally patriotic,” fine, I’ll have my answer. If you say “Yes, they can,” fine, I’ll have my answer. If you really believe that the question cannot be answered yes or no, fine, we’ll leave it at that.

Now, as to the rest of your post. This is what harshed my mellow last night when I read it.
Originally posted by fable
No; it is a matter of your making certain statements ("I have an absolutely clear understanding of the positive and negative aspects of the US"), and then being asked questions which you haven't answered. I'll repeat: you regularly challenge your liberatarian views by reading scholarly journals that attack these views, correct? You constantly challenge the economic theories that you believe? Right? -Because if you don't, then I don't accept your statements about your "knowing far better than me what is in my head, and how it got there." Well--you may know better than *me,* but I don't think you'll know better than a hundred-billion-dollar-a-year industry of public relations and marketing which is designed to know how you and I think, and how to change those views. And I'm not going to debate this opinion with somebody whose assumptions about the world are locked on automatic, if that's the case--which is why I asked these questions, above.
I’m going to break in here for a moment and note: your last edit changed the last sentence here quite a bit. When I read it last night, it said: “And I'm not going to debate this opinion with somebody whose assumptions about the world are locked on automatic.” Period. No double clause following.

I note that because it really is indicative of your entire tirade here about what I have or have not read, or how I have or have not challenged my own beliefs. Well, I’ll let you finish, and then reply…
Originally posted by fable
… Have you read up on it at any depth, in any of the meticulously researched books in the field? If so, what works have you studied? Have you even read the absolute classic, the first in the field, nearly fifty years old, Vance Packard's The Hidden Persuaders?

If you're going to claim Packard's full of it without reading it (not that you have, but... ;) ), then we have nothing to discuss, because people who are blind always seem to argue that they see furthest. If you'll read him and a few other classics in the field, then we'll have a ton of material and background in common to argue over quantifying the results achieved by marketing, which I feel is all-pervasive, and which leads back inevitably to the theme of this thread. :)

…Gee, look in that mirror yourself once in a blue moon, and who knows what you might get? :p :rolleyes:
And I have thought and thought and thought about how best to reply to this rather callous and high-handed argument.

Shall I go out and read a dozen books? Shall I counter with a list of a dozen authors that I have read and demand that you read them before I will allow you to discuss your ideas with me? Shall I cast doubt on the implicit idea that you have read all the contrary scholarly journals, or that you constantly challenge your own beliefs?

No. I did not reply to this whole idea in your previous post, and I see little point in replying now. For a couple of reasons:
1) I have not argued against what seems to be the idea you are so enamored with: i.e. that people can be and are manipulated. I have given you that point. I agree. My counter is simply: they can be, but they can also have their own ideas. They can see beyond the advertising, the textbooks, the government’s lies. They can, and they do. I don’t need a journal to prove my point: the evidence is all around us – in the unique ideas that come from all quarters (science, art, philosophy, politics, technology, etc, etc) – ideas that are so new and genuine that they cannot have been inculcated. Ideas that change the course of individual lives, and more. If you don’t see such things I think you’ve been spending too much time reading your scholarly journals, and you need to get out more.
2) Because it is a no-win situation for me. Let’s just say that I do go out like a good little boy (an apt description, I think, as your entire post reeks of the condescending attitude usually taken by older people) and read what you recommend. I come back, and I say: I disagree. Your reaction: “Oh, that Lazarus, ‘stuck on Automatic,’ just like I always said. There’s no reasoning with him. He never really challenges his own beliefs.”

Nope. I have no intention of trotting off to the library with uncle fable’s recommended reading list in hand. You can disbelieve me when I say my beliefs are challenged every single day (and how would you know, even if I tried to tell you?), and you can use what you perceive to be my limited library (and just what do you know about what I have read, anyway, besides a few dropped comments here in SYM?) as an excuse to simply ignore my ideas. If this is your way of saying: “this conversation is at an end,” then I think, for once, we are in agreement.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
fable
Posts: 30676
Joined: Wed Mar 14, 2001 12:00 pm
Location: The sun, the moon, and the stars.
Contact:

Post by fable »

Re: Aw, fable - you really just harshed my mellow...
Originally posted by Lazarus
Again, I do not disagree that such things can indeed happen – and have happened – and continue to happen every day. I understand you, and I am not simply overlooking such factors. Please understand that. I am simply asking (again): can someone be patriotic and yet not have this patriotism be simply the product of some grand manipulation?
Actually, for tone and content, you've done a spin-around, above. What you wrote earlier was:

We are not all victims of some vast indoctrination just because we feel pride for the place we are, or the place we have been. As I state in my earlier post in the thread: I have an absolutely clear understanding of the positive and negative aspects of the US. But I do love this nation for all the reasons I have stated. Reagan didn't make me think these things. Nor Clinton, nor Karl Rove, nor anyone else. That may be your jaundiced view of patriotism, fable, but it ain't mine - and I know far better than you what is in my head, and how it got there.

So of course, I responded in both tone and content to what you originally wrote, not the way you put things in your latest message. I do admire the improvement, asking open-ended questions instead of telling me how utterly wrong all that research has been! Now, are you asking me whether people can be patriotic for reasons other than indoctrination? Depends on how you define patriotism. Is patriotism simple gratitude for a place to stay and prosper? If so, then yes, people can be patriotic without indoctrination. Is patriotism a force that says "us, rather than they," and "we are the best" and "we can make all the right decisions because of who we are?" That's the usual definition of patriotism, and in that case, then no, indoctrination is required, IMO.

[As and aside: how you combine patriotism and consumerism is also beyond me – but I suppose that would be dealt with in one of the scholarly works you recommend, eh?]

No; quite a few of them. But since you won't read them, that makes scoffing at them extremely easy, right? Right! ;) Or--hang on a minute--is it just very slightly possible that the ability to control what people think via marketing techniques, could also be used to create and control more specifically their nationalist feelings and acts...? Why, what a concept! Who would ever have thought..! Especially since I refrained from mentioning the classic Nazi radio campaign which was 1) used to tailor nationalist aspirations in between-wars Germany, and 2) furnished a textbook case to Madison Avenue, often quoted in their reports, of how to manipulate the public.

Oh, wait a minute. I did mention it. Whoops.

I did not reply to this whole idea in your previous post, and I see little point in replying now. For a couple of reasons:
1) I have not argued against what seems to be the idea you are so enamored with: i.e. that people can be and are manipulated. I have given you that point. I agree. My counter is simply: they can be, but they can also have their own ideas. They can see beyond the advertising, the textbooks, the government’s lies.


I won't discuss this subject under those circumstances, because the research showing just how thoroughly first world nations have had their buying habits, beliefs, and opinions controlled by "the hidden persuaders" is remarkably lengthy, well-documented and scientifically researched. This merely comes down to assertions like the ones you've made above, which I can argue data against forever to absolutely no avail. If you won't argue the data, there's no discussion.

Your reaction: “Oh, that Lazarus, ‘stuck on Automatic,’ just like I always said. There’s no reasoning with him. He never really challenges his own beliefs.”

But when you wrote sentences like:

That doesn’t answer the question – though you win the “answer worthy of a politician” award of the week for it.

... and similar remarks, I of course assumed that because you enjoyed dishing out confrontational sarcasm, you would like receiving it. Foolish me! I won't make that mistake again! I will assume in the future that you *do* regularly challenge your beliefs, just like you know when I can't answer a simplistic question with the yes/no you want to conduct things to your conclusions, that I'm *not* a politician. Why, yes--that might work.

If you don’t see such things I think you’ve been spending too much time reading your scholarly journals, and you need to get out more.

In other words, you won't read anything that contradicts your views on this, therefore, I'm wrong and need to ignore what you don't like. I bow before your demonstrably superior logic. :rolleyes: Or maybe this was another example of your sarcasm...? It really is a wonderful tool for focusing discussion on logic and facts, I agree.

Nope. I have no intention of trotting off to the library with uncle fable’s recommended reading list in hand.

LOL! Considering that you recommended a list of books to me, once; but that's acceptable, right? ;) Only as I recall, you took exception when it became apparent that I'd read 'em before, and didn't like 'em at all. I guess it was alright for you to recommend books to others. It's the accepting books that are recommended as extremely pertinent to the subject of discussion that's unallowable.

@Lazarus, I can't argue the details of a subject with a person who responds to the massive evidence on record by saying in effect, "I'm not going to read any of it, but I know in my gut that it's all wrong, and so are you." If you won't look at least at a few of the basic, commonly accepted books that establish just how deep and all-controlling the persuaders are--then you're right; with regret, there's no cause to proceed forward. No discussion is possible if you just know you've got all the answers just because you do, and you know all the evidence to the contrary is wrong without looking at it.
To the Righteous belong the fruits of violent victory. The rest of us will have to settle for warm friends, warm lovers, and a wink from a quietly supportive universe.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

Sorry for the bump, but I changed my mind

I lied. I read the book. I’ll post specifically on it in a bit, but first …
Originally posted by fable
Actually, for tone and content, you've done a spin-around, above. What you wrote earlier was…
So of course, I responded in both tone and content to what you originally wrote, not the way you put things in your latest message. I do admire the improvement, asking open-ended questions instead of telling me how utterly wrong all that research has been! Now, are you asking me whether people can be patriotic for reasons other than indoctrination?
My earlier point (the one you quote above) stands. I did indeed change tact, but it was not meant as subterfuge as you seem to believe. My first point was purely personal. I do maintain that “I have an absolutely clear understanding…” blablabla. The Hidden Persuaders has not convinced me otherwise, and no arguing back and forth between us will ever change that. I maintain I know best the contents of my mind, and, seemingly, you “know” I’m wrong. You can say I am a dupe of the system, and I’ll say I’m not – where does that get us? So I did indeed change my point. I instead asked you how you can hold your double standard, and whether you view rational patriotism (my term) as possible. If you could not follow the train of thought, I apologize. Now you know. And now you have answered, thusly:
Originally posted by fable
Depends on how you define patriotism. Is patriotism simple gratitude for a place to stay and prosper? If so, then yes, people can be patriotic without indoctrination. Is patriotism a force that says "us, rather than they," and "we are the best" and "we can make all the right decisions because of who we are?" That's the usual definition of patriotism, and in that case, then no, indoctrination is required, IMO.
Good Lord! Have we been arguing needlessly!? If you will look back at my original post, I said: “But I will say that I very much admire the US. I admire her for the freedom she affords her citizens, her (somewhat) capitalistic economy, her (mostly) tolerant and open society. Those are what make her strong, and so I admire her strength, also, as a consequence (mainly) of her freedom. This is not mindless nationalism. It is recognition of virtue. Millions of people have recognized that virtue, and come to this nation to be a part of her strength. And that, too, is admirable.”

And I think that feathers very nicely with your idea that patriotism can be “simple gratitude for a place to stay and prosper.” I use the term “admire” in place of your “gratitude,” but otherwise we are about as close to agreeing as we ever are. Now, you seem to indicate that this is not the “usual” definition of patriotism. Instead, you “define” patriotism as a “we are the best, and we make all the right decisions because of who we are …” mentality. If you want to define patriotism that way, fine. Personally, this falls into my definition of “nationalism.”

If we look to the dictionary to solve the defintional problem, I think we are out of luck. RandomThug’s dictionary definition sticks mostly to the term “love of one’s country.” I think that could be applied to either of your definitions. Would you agree?
Originally posted by fable
I won't discuss this subject under those circumstances, because the research showing just how thoroughly first world nations have had their buying habits, beliefs, and opinions controlled by "the hidden persuaders" is remarkably lengthy, well-documented and scientifically researched. This merely comes down to assertions like the ones you've made above, which I can argue data against forever to absolutely no avail. If you won't argue the data, there's no discussion.
Well, now I have read The Hidden Persuaders, and I still think it’s a moot point. I’ll post my views of that book anon, but for now let me again ask you to explain to me your seeming immunity from all this hidden persuasion. Do you believe that you are a dupe to advertising? Do you believe that your purchasing habits, views of politics, choice in wife, etc, were all determined by motivational research men? If not (and pardon me if I am assuming that your answer will be negative), then haven’t you falsified your own argument, and proved mine?
Originally posted by fable
LOL! Considering that you recommended a list of books to me, once; but that's acceptable, right? ;) Only as I recall, you took exception when it became apparent that I'd read 'em before, and didn't like 'em at all. I guess it was alright for you to recommend books to others. It's the accepting books that are recommended as extremely pertinent to the subject of discussion that's unallowable.

@Lazarus, I can't argue the details of a subject with a person who responds to the massive evidence on record by saying in effect, "I'm not going to read any of it, but I know in my gut that it's all wrong, and so are you." If you won't look at least at a few of the basic, commonly accepted books that establish just how deep and all-controlling the persuaders are--then you're right; with regret, there's no cause to proceed forward. No discussion is possible if you just know you've got all the answers just because you do, and you know all the evidence to the contrary is wrong without looking at it.
It’s not a simple matter of me refusing to read something, fable. There are a few rather important points to be made here:
1) I believe that your argument fails even the most rudimentary logic because of your inherent double standard. You seem to be sitting on some mountain-top looking down on all us poor deluded folk who actually admire America and enjoy shopping, and you tell us we are simply manipulated into believing everything we claim to believe. You somehow move beyond our foolish patriotism and consumerism, but seem to believe it impossible that we ever could escape these hidden persuaders. What the heck?! Is it not possible for us to achieve that level of transcendentalism? Am I not capable of being patriotic (after my own fashion) and yet not have that patriotism be based on the propaganda of Karl Rove? Am I not capable of enjoying my Banana Republic chinos without the necessity of chinos having been implanted into me by Madison Avenue?
2) I have said repeatedly that I do not discount the existence of your hidden persuaders, nor do I doubt but that they can be very effective. So why do you insist that I read a book which will simply confirm a point I have already conceded? What I object to is the idea that they irresistibly determine my beliefs. They do not (any more than they do yours), but this is outside the content of the book. The book is dedicated to showing a growing (in 1957) trend in advertising. It does not debate epistemology nor free will. Well, not until the fifth-to-last paragraph of the book, which says just what I have been saying all along: “We still have a strong defense against such persuaders: we can choose not to be persuaded.” But I’m getting ahead of myself...
3) I do not believe that what is written in that book is a necessary basis for discussion of the subject at hand. Making the content of the book out to be such is, IMO, counter-productive to the debate. I think this point has been validated by what you wrote immediately above regarding your dual definitions of patriotism, and how I replied. The discussion went forward, even without reference to some 50 year old book. [As an aside, since you continue to bring it up, I would note: when I suggested some books to you, I did not say to you: “Until and unless you read these books, we have nothing to discuss.” I simply said that the books would counter what you had stated in the thread. That is a huge difference, IMO.]
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

So, yes, I read the book. Here are my thoughts.

Two overarching problems: 1) the book is old, and it’s research (where sound) is out of date. You can say that the same stuff is going on today, but only made more efficacious by better technology and techniques (and no doubt you will), but this book doesn’t prove it. I have a real hard time even reading a book about advertising (and trying to see it’s applicability to my life) which was printed before the internet had even been conceived. 2) This book is biased. I’ll take only one excerpt to show it, but the theme explicitly shown here runs throughout the book. p27: “The research director of a major ad agency, a tense tweedy man, was explaining to me how he became an early enthusiast of the depth approach. I asked if anything in his personal background revealed a previous interest in psychology. He mentioned that his mother was a psychoanalyst and he himself had once worked as an aide in an insane asylum!” (Exclamation in original.) Now come on, Professor Packard, what has this got to do with anything, and what is with the term “tweedy?” (He uses it to describe another depth approach man on p33, but here he is a “friendly tweedy man.”) The author has a contempt for the people he is studying which entirely undermines whatever respect one might have for his research.

Now, that said, I would like to make some points in direct response to what the book has to say. I don’t know how far I’ll get before I become bored, but …

P18-19: This is great. Toothpaste. This demonstrates so many of the flaws in the thesis, I don’t even know where to begin. The subject of toothpaste is brought up in a chapter entitled “The Trouble With People.” (Ha!) The chapter opens with this: “The trend in marketing to the depth approach was largely impelled by difficulties the marketers kept encountering in trying to persuade Americans to buy all the products companies could fabricate. One particularly disturbing difficulty was the apparent perversity and unpredictability of the prospective customers.” This brings us to toothpaste. Seemingly, having asked people why they brush, they were told: “to clean the teeth, kill germs, and avoid gum disease, etc.” Fine. Off the advertisers went to build an ad campaign geared to this consumer trait. Turns out the people were not quite rational in their habits/statements. If we wish to “clean” our teeth, the best time is after meals, yes? But upon investigation, the ad men found people only brushed once a day on average, and it was just after waking up. This makes no sense for cleaning teeth – since they have left their mouth full of the days detritus over night. Turns out most people brush their teeth not so much for cleanliness, but “in order to give their mouth a thorough purging, to get rid of the bad taste that has accumulated over night.” The hidden persuaders, then, changed tact. Instead of harping on the cleaning powers of the paste, they concentrated on telling people that the stuff would give you a “clean mouth taste.” Sales went up. Ooops. No. Sorry. Packard does not say sales went up. He simply says the ad campaigns changed. (He does note that sales increased for an ad campaign with the slogan: “You’ll wonder where the yellow went,” but how this relates to the findings of the clever ad men who determined we brush for a “clean mouth taste,” he does not say.)

So what is our lesson here? Uh, that manufacturers work with advertisers to promote their product based on consumer wishes? Hmmmm. Call me crazy, but that’s pretty much what I would expect. I expect that advertisers will know why I want products, and I expect them to advertise to that. But who is leading whom here? Sounds to me not like I am somehow being brainwashed into believing I need toothpaste for a fresh mouth taste, but rather that I want a fresh mouth taste, and the companies who make toothpaste are going to fulfill that desire. What could be better? And how else could it possibly go? The entire study shows conclusively that toothpaste manufacturers/advertisers had no clue why people were using the product until this study was made – but then they did not create a demand; they did not convince us of something we did not previously believe; they simply figured out why their product was selling. Maybe this will make their future ad campaigns more effective; sales will increase; and fable and Professor Packard will say: “see, I told you, you’re being manipulated by that tricky advertising juggernaut.” But the way I see it, it will make their future products more effective. You’ll have manufacturers who switch to toothpaste with more flavor; or maybe some that will be for whitening (as the other ad campaign mentioned indicates); and some will always appeal to the germ-killing capabilities. And we will enter the drugstore and find a whole slew of toothpastes. And I, for one, will think that just dandy.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

Pages 19 through 21. The push to consume ever more. “Another aspect of people’s behavior that troubled marketers is that they are too easily satisfied with what they already have. Most of the marketers’ factories have ever-larger warehouses full of goods to move.”

Before moving on, let me point out the datedness of this statement. Back in the ‘50s it may have been that “ever-larger warehouses” were stuffed with product. No longer. The trend today is to “zero-stock.” Or “product on demand.” It means that the company can eliminate the need for warehouses, and save construction and rent costs. Audi, for example, has a factory in Munich that builds their TT sports car. Every one of the cars built there has already been purchased. No factory full of TTs for Audi! Bell & Gossett (a manufacturer of pumps) has the same philosophy: during a tour of their plant, they proudly displayed rows of mostly empty shelves. The few pumps on the shelves had tags indicating the purchasing agent, destination, etc. The space freed up by this zero stock system was due for renovation in the near future, as it was no longer necessary. It’s a minor point, but, again, it points out how “out of it” Packard is in the year 2004.

Anyway, so the point here is that advertisers can’t just sit back and let consumers tell them what they want – cause it’ll turn out nobody wants anything more than what they’ve got. Discretionary dollars (money that can be spent on frivolous goods) can also be deferred dollars (money that is simply set aside if nothing appeals in the marketplace). Packard’s point, then, is that advertisers create demand, stimulate people to buy, etc.

As an interesting aside, I would first note that this (as almost all of Packard’s arguments) depend on an advertising geared towards consumerism. I think this, too, shows Packard’s sadly outdated frame of reference. I have to tell you that today I hear just as many voices clamoring for me to stop consuming as not. Packard would never have heard of it, of course, but the environmental movement has it’s own hidden persuaders, and they would like nothing more than to put the brakes on my desire for a new car, or new shoes, or a burger, or, well, anything. The government itself is trying to change my consumption habits by, for example, legislating what kind of drinks and snacks can be sold in schools – if any. My insurance company is trying to stop my consumption of goods by giving me a discount for “proper” weight. Not everybody is out to see my buy, buy, buy.

Beyond that, I think the attitude of this point demonstrates another mid-twentieth century frame: that we have a bunch of products, and we have to get people to buy them. I would refer you to Virginia Postrel’s book (I’m really plugging her lately) “The Substance of Style,” which deals to some extent with this idea. She has a great quote from a marketer along the lines of: “It used to be we had a million of one product for everyone, now what we have is a million different products for one person.” This is a hugely fundamental shift that occurred recently in product design. Postrel’s point is that this explosion of product has appealed to our innate aesthetic desires. The point for Packard would be: it’s the chicken and the egg all over again (just like toothpaste): yes, advertisers are showing us things to buy, yes we are buying them – but no, this does not mean that we are being duped by a consumerist conspiracy. It means that we are being given options that never existed before, and we like it.

I would go even further, and say that Packard is simply wrong that people would stop buying stuff – for any reason. Though my knowledge of psychology is limited to a single Psych 101 class, my personal view of human nature is that we are a restless lot. I think we are always looking for new things. And I don’t think this is something imparted to us by advertising, but rather an innate human trait. If the cavemen had simply decided that caves served their purpose AOK, we’d still be there. But we don’t stand still, and we aren’t easily satisfied with what we have. Sure, advertising may pick up on this and use it to sell products, but not without our consent, and not by some nefarious hidden persuaders agenda – but rather because we really do want stuff. And that’s OK (unless you’re a Green).

On p22 Packard says standardization of things has led people to think stuff is all the same, so that manufacturers then have to counter the trend by standing out and making us think that there are differences. Specifically, he quotes some guy who says there really is little difference in products such as: gasoline, tires, cigarette tobacco, orange juice, and milk. I couldn’t help but laugh at this list. Maybe I’ve been duped by The Man again, but I know there is one hell of a lot of difference in such products. Gasoline, well, I can only talk about diesel as I own a diesel auto, and I can tell you there is a vast (vast!) difference in diesel quality around the US (not so much in Europe). I can refer you to a website which has no other purpose than finding good diesel and directing people to it. I have seen, heard, and smelled the difference in diesel, and this is not something that was inculcated in me by advertising. Tires: same thing. Anyone who doesn’t know one tire from another is not paying attention. Drive on a Hakkapeliita tire in Minnesota snow, and then drive on a Goodyear all season! Can’t comment on tobacco, no experience. OJ and milk. This is another fun experiment in “how obsolete is Packard.” I don’t suppose he had ever heard of “organically grown” fruits, or bovine growth hormones (and milk free of them). And maybe when he was a lad they didn’t have the variety of OJs that exist now: pulp, no pulp, calcium fortified, fresh, concentrate, etc. The fact is that today we do not have a “standardization” of consumer goods, and “rapidly diminishing product differences” (a term he uses on p23). We have, rather, a proliferation of varieties of goods due not only to technology, but also due to market demand. This relates again to the point in my preceding paragraphs, and I can only urge a reading of Postrel’s book, which explains this phenomenon in great detail.

But, of course, on the next page Packard says: “This is not to imply that all products are the same, and companies try to develop product differences.” (Approximate quote.) So Packard plays both sides of the coin.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

On p41 we have a really weird discussion about the Szondi test. First, we are told that to determine what “type” of person the market researchers are dealing with, they show a test case a series of portraits. Unbeknownst to the observer, each of the people pictured “suffers severely from one of eight psychiatric disorders (is homosexual, sadist, epileptic, hysterical, catatonic, paranoid, depressed, or manic). It is assumed that we will sense a rapport with some more than others, and that in choosing…we will chose the person suffering acutely from the same emotional state that affects us mildly.” Whahaha! Where to start?! First: I don’t think either homosexuality or epilepsy are “psychological disorders.” Second, I fail to see how a portrait of a person can convey a psychological disorder. Third, this test assumes that we all suffer mildly from one of these disorders. Fourth, I fail to see how such a hypothesis is even verifiable (i.e. that we can verify that it accurately determines personality types). Again, I have a hard time believing anything that Packard is telling me at this point. This book is so horribly out of date, and “research” of this kind shows it up so obviously, that I am greatly surprised you (fable) think this book is still regarded in some positive light today.

To finish off the Szondi test, though, I should point out that Packard never gives us the “punch line” so to speak. We never learn whether or not it had any positive effect on sales for the whiskey company who used it to better understand their market. We are told only that it found a “change” occurs in people’s personality when they drink. Really?! My God! Who knew!? How they intend to use this information, Packard never relates.

On p42 Packard, without any hint of irony, seriously discusses the dangers of letting advertisers use professional hypnotists.

On p44 Packard acknowledges that even companies that are into motivational research, nevertheless they still carry on “exhaustively” using the more standard types of research: market research and copy research. He indicates that the MR approach is growing, and says it is “here to stay,” but I have to wonder … if I were a CEO, and found my ad company trying to use hypnosis and Szondi tests (today), I think I would beat them, fire them, and demand my money back! I’m sure you (fable) will say that all this research has just become more refined, and so all the more effective, but, as I think I have said, Packard can’t prove that. Packard is a dinosaur.

Page 46 again tries to convince us that products are “standardized.” See Postrel. Or, just take a look around you the next time you step outside.

Also on p46 (I love this): Cigarettes. They give 100 smokers each three cigs, but don’t tell them brand. The smokers smoke, and are asked to identify their personal brand. A 35% success rate results (i.e. 35% of the test subjects said: “this is my brand,” and were right). Packard says: “under the law of averages pure guesses would have accounted for a third [33%] of the correct identifications. In short, something less than 2% could be credited with any real power of discrimination.” Need I say it? If I hired Packard as a researcher, and he came back with this, I would beat him, fire him, and demand a refund. Anyone with an ounce of statistical understanding would know that you cannot subtract the percentages that way. For all we know, every one of the 35% knew exactly what they were smoking. Unless they continued that test (and is not apparent in the write-up that they did any such thing) with the same people and the same cigarettes, and ensured that, indeed, the 33% were in fact guessing, this test means squat. Packard needs some serious help with his statistics, which only makes me doubt him all the more as I read on.

Another trick Packard pulls on a couple of occasions is his lack of statistics with a trust of data given him by the very hidden persuaders he is investigating. An example is (p47) the case of margarine. Again, he asserts that no real difference exists in margarines (a debatable point), and discusses an ad campaign driven solely by image. Specifically, he says that an MR guy (Louis Cheskin) used an appealing image (a four leaf clover) to push an image into consumers mind which would make them choose his brand over others. All fine and dandy. They increase the prominence of the clover in each revision of packaging, and “Mr. Cheskin reports that sales rose with each change.” Keep in mind that Cheskin is the man selling himself as an able advertiser. Asking him whether sales rose is sorta like asking Bush how the war in Iraq is going: you’re liable to get a pretty biased view. Furthermore, that “sales rose” is totally without context. Did they rise at a faster rate than the competitor’s? Did they later drop (even though no change was made in packaging)? Was the rise perhaps due simply to more people who have the money to buy margarine? Did they rise because butter was getting a bad rep as unhealthy? There are myriad reasons why this sales spike may have occurred. Packard is trying to tell us his MR men are getting into our brains, but he fails at every turn in actually, solidly proving anything of the sort.

Packard also loves scaring us with numbers. What he is somewhat weak on is proving that these numbers mean anything. A bunch of examples are right on p45: “millions of dollars into ad campaigns shaped at least in part by analysis of consumer motivations.” No hint of results given. “$12,000,000 would be spent by marketers in 1956 for research in motivation.” No indication of success. “ ‘Of the $260,000,000,000 spent on consumer products last year (1955) a full half probably went into industries in which one or more major manufacturers had tried MR.’ It is estimated that nearly a billion dollars in ad money spend in 1955 came from big corporations that had used MR directly or through their ad agencies, and added that MR had been responsible for some major shifts in advertising appeals.” Let’s examine this last quote closely, because it sounds a bit more convincing – at first. First of all, note the scare tactic of bringing up the huge number ($260 billion, if I’m counting my zeros right). This number has little or no bearing on MR – it is simply the amount of money spent on consumer goods in a year in the US. OK. Then note: a “full half probably…” So you can cut that number in half immediately – probably (nice qualifier, there). Then note that this “probable” one half is just an estimate of the industries which had tried MR. We are not given any information on whether success was achieved by the use of MR. Nor does even the last sentence indicate so, though it is framed to give that impression. It says that “MR had been responsible for some major shifts in advertising appeals.” That is: advertisers (may have) tried MR, and changed their advertising. Again no indication is given that these changes resulted in success.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

I understand that Packard is seeing a new (at that time) phenomenon. I understand that it would be difficult for him to see long-term success or failure. But what anyone reading him should also understand is: he hasn’t made a case proving that we are being manipulated into buying things we wouldn’t otherwise buy; or being manipulated beyond our abilities to understand and compensate for.

I think a great point to be made here is the example of cars (p52-55). Packard starts out by saying that the automobile industry had been “spectacularly successful” at “image building.” Image building, to Packard, is another dirty trick of the persuaders. His assertion is that Ford et al have manipulated us into buying their product by creating images for their product, which we then latch onto, and therefore, buy their product. He goes on about how the MR men discovered that the average Cadillac owner is “Proud, flashy, salesman, middle-aged, social mobility, good income level, responsible;” while a Mercury owner would be: “Salesman, assertive, mobile, modern, substantial, lower middle, father, quick.” Fine. So the MR men have defined to whom their product appeals. And they will use this information to refine their product and their sales tactics to either appeal more strongly to these sorts of people, or branch out and try to capture other markets.

One can see that this is done all the time, and cars are indeed a great example. Car ads are always (and obviously) trying to appeal to different kinds of people – whether the ad shows an SUV on a mountaintop, or a Passat with a baby in the back seat. But I think it is vital to again question the chicken and the egg here. Who is leading whom, and is any manipulation really possible? The way I view autos and auto advertising is: we have an incredibly competitive market, with a lot of really fine product. One car does not fit all. So, yes, the industry changes the image of their cars, and these changes shift the appeal. But in the end, isn’t Ford just giving the people what they want? Packard says as much: “People who want to express some showiness and modernity, tend to buy Ford, Mercury, Oldsmobile, hardtops, two tones, bright shades and hues, a range of extras gadgets, fads.” Maybe Ford knowing that people who want to express some showiness buy their product will have an impact on their design – but isn’t that the way it should be?

Packard’s summation of the auto industry example comes in the form of a “chat” with a couple of psychologists (p56). “One of them said: ‘Now take the man who drives a Studebaker, smokes Old Golds, uses cream-based hair oil, an electric shaver, carries a Parker 51 fountain pen. Obviously, he’s a salesman, an active man, aggressive in face-to-face situations and wants to make a good impression. Probably he was quite a romantic type in his youth.’ And the other psychologist added: ‘Also, you’ll find that he is wearing loud shorts.’” Oi vey. Does this also not show you the era in which Packard lived and breathed? First, every single one of the items listed is obsolete (except the electric razor). But, more telling, we have a couple of psychologists who think they can really pin a person down like this based on a few accoutrements. This was, you know, the “age of the expert.” Science (and psychology with it) would bring about a new scientific revolution, and cure all our ills. Check out some of the World’s Fairs in that era and you can really see it. Maybe C Elegans would care to comment on this (and maybe she will disagree with me), but I think psychologists have gotten a little more humble these days. This gets back to the Szondi test mentioned earlier – it is a swindle. People of that era turned to science and psychologists and would believe any idiocy that was pronounced, as long as it was backed by a PhD.

Chapter 6 (Rx for our Secret Distresses) provides another point of contention. The assertion here is that humans are all full up with “guilt feelings, fears, anxieties, hostilities, loneliness feelings, inner tensions.” If we accept this premise (and I’m not saying I do), MR men, then, use these to better sell their product. Cigarette companies found that people smoke to feel more at ease in stressful situations, and changed ad tactics to push this image. Well and good. But there are a few examples in this chapter which are idiotic. Take the Jewel stores example (p67). Jewel stores found that “housewives” are afraid of the butcher because they are ignorant of the cuts of meat. Jewel then trained it’s butchers to “show great sympathy and patience with women, and the strategy paid off with increased business for all departments of the store.” Ignoring the 1950s sexism, and just taking that last clause at face value, it is the entire scenario that irks me. Just how the heck is this a manipulation of the housewives?! How in the world can Packard package this example (and an identical one about airlines on the preceding pages) with his book which is supposed to convince us the we are being duped? The change is a response to market conditions and market demand, nothing more. Jewel did nothing more than provide a service which the market had lacked, but which individuals desired. All I say to that is: Cool! If it takes MR men to figure this stuff out, and give me what I want, then I am all for ‘em.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

Ugh. This is getting ridiculous. I’ve been taking these notes down in Word as I read, and with nine type-written (10-point) pages, I’m only to page 70 of a 260 page book. I am going to read through the rest of the book tonight (it’s due back at the library soon), and if anything new or interesting pops out at me, I’ll add it.

In the meantime, I would like to make a couple of last notes.

First: I can guess your probable responses, fable. First, you will say that later studies have confirmed Packard’s initial one. This will be in response to my assertions that 1) Packard is a dinosaur, and 2) that his research is lousy. Whatever. I read the book you suggested, and I found it lacking. Am I struck on autopilot? Maybe. Maybe so are you.

You will also likely tell me that I am losing sight of the forest for the trees. By taking bits and pieces out of the work, I am not understanding the underlying message: that MR is here, it understands us as consumers, and it has an impact on our purchasing decisions. But I never denied any of that. Go back and read my posts. You will see that I understand the existence of such agencies. What I disagree with (for about the millionth time) is 1) the idea that MR inescapably determines our purchasing habits (or our ideas of patriotism, to get back to the thread subject), and, 2) the apparent double standard on that point that you, personally, hold.

I have a feeling that you and I will also hold fundamentally opposed views on the subject in general. While you and Packard may see nefarious plotting in the Jewel store telling it’s butchers to be sympathetic, I see nothing of the kind (as I stated above). It is a different world view.

Virginia Postrel says much the same about Packard (I wanted to work this in somewhere). “Critics often portray fashion as entirely the product of commercial manipulation. ‘Typewriters and telephones came out in a wide range of colors in 1956, presumably to make owners dissatisfied with their plain old black models,’ sniffed the influential social critic Vance Packard in his 1957 book The Hidden Persuaders. Nearly half a century later, many people still imagine the world works the way Packard portrayed it. Aesthetic changes, in his view, were merely forms of deception, ways of creating artificial obsolescence. Packard offered no evidence that the colorful typewriters and telephones performed any worse than the plain old black models; rather, he objected to purely aesthetic upgrades, deeming them wasteful.”

Do you see the different world views here? Do you see Jewel as predatory? I see them as innovative. Are colorful telephones of no value to you (or cell phones with changeable covers)? Fine. But some people may simply want that, and it needn’t be deception, manipulation, and artificial obsolescence at every turn. Do you believe any form of love of country must be instilled through indoctrination? I believe in free will, and the ability to see value for what it is.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
fable
Posts: 30676
Joined: Wed Mar 14, 2001 12:00 pm
Location: The sun, the moon, and the stars.
Contact:

Post by fable »

The Hidden Persuaders has not convinced me otherwise, and no arguing back and forth between us will ever change that. I maintain I know best the contents of my mind, and, seemingly, you “know” I’m wrong.

LOL! Still ignoring what I write, still twisting white to black. (Nice to see too that you set such a high tone for our exchange in advance! I'll follow your sledgehammer, sarcastic lead.) I have to admit, you have persistence, even if it involves only reiterating what you've said, without considering anything I may have responded in kind. :D May I remind you that I'm not the one making arbitrary, absolutist judgements...? Does this ring familiar? Say it in your own voice:

"I have an absolutely clear understanding of the positive and negative aspects of the US. But I do love this nation for all the reasons I have stated. Reagan didn't make me think these things. Nor Clinton, nor Karl Rove, nor anyone else. That may be your jaundiced view of patriotism, fable, but it ain't mine - and I know far better than you what is in my head, and how it got there."

I can only reply to you as I have, before, because my response made (I thought) excellence sense, and you've never rebutted my points: ;)

"With respect, this is also the argument that has been repeated for ages by everybody who has willingly marched to the insane tune piped by their national leaders, whenever that insanity was pointed out to them. I am logical; I think for myself. Nobody could put one over on me. We, thre Romans, are the freest people in the world, with the best laws, because I know it. Just as we, the English, own France by right of our sovreign's being the formerly Count of Normandie, there; and we'll die to prove it! Nobody had to tell me these things. I sorted them out on my own. Anybody who says otherwise is either a damned cynic, or working for the other side.

Okay: fine. You're incredibly knowledgeable, you know all the inner workings of your government, you've never believed what you've been told, and research the facts challenging your dearly held beliefs all the time. You have never made mistakes by accepting what you were told as fact without checking those facts against sources that completely disagree with the original. You are utterly unlike the hundreds of millions of Americans for example who accepted LBJ's claim that North Vietnam had lauched an attack in the Gulf of Tonkin; or that the South Vietnamese people loved their government, which was an upstanding model of democracy. For the rest of us, I can only acknowledge that 1) I was taught patriotism through standard classroom textbooks proporting to be history, and beginning in elementary school, all the way up through high school; 2) so, according to what I've been told by my nieces and nephew, were they; 3) examples of similar books exist in German, English, French, etc, and can be purchased in flea markets in their native countries; 4) patriotism simply doesn't exist when it isn't taught to youth before "the age of logic," because there's no evidence of it in cultures where it hasn't been inculcated in youth."

Hey, throw at me your old arguments, I'll respond with my old responses, every time. Especially when you never dealt with my responses in the first place. :D As for me: I acknowledge being influenced, and buying things in the past on impulse which I later analyzed using the tools I'd learned in my college advertising classes. That's why I ultimately stopped watching television ads, and why I developed the habit of looking at an ad first from the viewpoint of determining what somebody wants me to buy, what responses they're trying to invoke, and how.

I would go even further, and say that Packard is simply wrong that people would stop buying stuff – for any reason. Though my knowledge of psychology is limited to a single Psych 101 class, my personal view of human nature is that we are a restless lot. I think we are always looking for new things.

As you would say, go back to your class. History shows over and over that styles in a host of areas shifted glacially until the marketing of merchandise became the recognized major force in sales. Leaving aside tiny niche markets like Louis XIV's ladies at court, you'll find that clothing in general changed styles over decades. Music favorites remained favorites for several successive decades. New housing remained relatively constant in style for at least 50 years. Advertising is based on the idea that people won't change unless you make 'em. You have to remind people that they have desires. If they don't, you create them. (Or as one of my professors put it repeatedly, "Advertising creates dreams.") With the advent of marketing in late 19th century and its great expansion in the 20th, new *needs* for a range of styles in both necessities and luxuries could be created. That's not a good or bad thing: it's simply a fact. How the tools of marketing/advertising are used and misused, differs from culture to culture.

As for the rest, I would disagree with many other specific points about Hidden Persuaders that you've stated, based entirely upon your personal beliefs (and sarcasm, your friend!) rather than any studies you've done versus Packard's, and considerable misunderstanding of what Packard's goals were or the environment he operated within. (I deeply admire anybody who shows the seriousness you do in writing, "Specifically, he quotes some guy..." without researching whom that guy is, or why Packard uses him as a source.) For example, “$12,000,000 would be spent by marketers in 1956 for research in motivation.” No indication of success." LOL! Success and failure was obvious in an industry in the mid-1950s that spent, year after year, so many millions on anything; and the costs have inreased exponentially since then. Someone thinks it yields quantifiable results! And Packard's point in any case was that the industry believed marketing/advertising would more than pay for itself, at a time when the average American didn't think marketing/advertising had any effect on their lives or was worthy of serious study. (Government and industry did, but they were hardly average.) Remember, Packard's book was the first--as you note, and then promptly forget. :D

But this is irrelevant to our exchange. Because in the end--returning to my main point, and the reason I even mentioned Packard, or suggested him as part of a series to be read--you will not accept as tenable the idea that people are influenced to believe something without having all knowledge, logic, and an absence of emotional involvement at their disposal. This is because you personally believe you have not. (Once again: "I have an absolutely clear understanding of the positive and negative aspects of the US."). This has nothing to do with whether colorful phones are better than black ones, and everything to do with the fact that many people do or buy things because they've been convinced by marketing, without any realization that they've been completely manipulated. You can't be, I know; I bow, as someone how has been thoroughly manipulated, before your rectitude and wisdom, which throws out every college degree in advertising/marketing and ever concept on which Madison Avenue has been based. :D As a result, since you haven't been manipulated by advertising, others haven't, and I'm only being cynical. Your personal observations outweigh any research Packard or his many successors could have made, despite the fact that you've got nothing to back yourself up except personal opinion. Since this is the case, our argument is as useless now as it was when we first got into it. If you're the knowledgeable superman who knows what is the truth, the logical fallacy of whatever he hears, and the motivations of whatever he sees, of course I won't be able to demonstrate to you that the beliefs of we poor mortals are often determined by what we see and hear. Or that we are often at the mercy of people who study, research and control those desires, fears, and hatreds--such as I pointed out in relation to the use of radio as an all-encompassing propaganda tool in Nazi Germany, or the use of hate radio as the means to stir up people in the Rwanda/Burundi genocide, a decade ago.

Nazis and radio. Burundi and radio. Millions of people (save you) can be convinced that one thing is its opposite, and act upon that, with hatred or anything else, based on the marketing of misinformation or carefully massaged information, with a nice, heavy dose of emotive undercurrent. You're seeing your inevitable way around the lies isn't relevant to the fact that it happened on an enormous scale in these events, and continues to happen with less momentous consequences all the time: it's all about marketing. Marketing has the tools and the money, and history provides the proof that it can move mountains--and convince people they have everything they need to make intelligent judgments, all the time.

This whole discussion is actually bizarre. I'm trying to convince you of the foundation upon which Madison Avenue, advertising, and marketing were built and have operated for over a hundred years. I've taken course work, did marketing, visited and interviewed some of the big names, worked in and (twice) ran major market media over the years. I've seen the first round mockups of some celebrated advertising campaigns, the suggestions and alterations, read the research of focus groups showing whose opinions are changed, and when. I know: who cares? :D Of course there's no reason you should accept any of it on hearsay. But from my perspective, your ability to know more than the CEOs I've interviewed and even the work I've done reads like a flight-from-reality. And why am I even trying to convince you of this? -No, don't answer that one. Even your constant penchant for sarcasm has to show some pity. I know I'm an idiot. :rolleyes:
To the Righteous belong the fruits of violent victory. The rest of us will have to settle for warm friends, warm lovers, and a wink from a quietly supportive universe.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

These posts certified 99% sarcasm-free; 1% sarcasm brought to you by Gruntboy

First item, a passage of your own which you have repeated:
Originally posted by fable
With respect, this is also the argument that has been repeated for ages by everybody who has willingly marched to the insane tune piped by their national leaders, whenever that insanity was pointed out to them. I am logical; I think for myself. Nobody could put one over on me. We, thre Romans, are the freest people in the world, with the best laws, because I know it. Just as we, the English, own France by right of our sovreign's being the formerly Count of Normandie, there; and we'll die to prove it! Nobody had to tell me these things. I sorted them out on my own. Anybody who says otherwise is either a damned cynic, or working for the other side.

Okay: fine. You're incredibly knowledgeable, you know all the inner workings of your government, you've never believed what you've been told, and research the facts challenging your dearly held beliefs all the time. You have never made mistakes by accepting what you were told as fact without checking those facts against sources that completely disagree with the original. You are utterly unlike the hundreds of millions of Americans for example who accepted LBJ's claim that North Vietnam had lauched an attack in the Gulf of Tonkin; or that the South Vietnamese people loved their government, which was an upstanding model of democracy. For the rest of us, I can only acknowledge that 1) I was taught patriotism through standard classroom textbooks proporting to be history, and beginning in elementary school, all the way up through high school; 2) so, according to what I've been told by my nieces and nephew, were they; 3) examples of similar books exist in German, English, French, etc, and can be purchased in flea markets in their native countries; 4) patriotism simply doesn't exist when it isn't taught to youth before "the age of logic," because there's no evidence of it in cultures where it hasn't been inculcated in youth.
This in response to my statement “I have an absolutely clear…” I only obliquely answered this point previously (see my post directly after the original posting of this statement), but will more fully explain my attitude now. The manner in which I previously and obliquely answered was to question what I saw as a double-standard in your view. This entire statement simply casts the idea that anyone can have anything like a mind of their own as preposterous. But you make it a one-way street, seemingly. It seems that your belief is that anyone who is patriotic is simply a automaton of the state’s influence. My counterpoint is only: IF the state has the ability to so completely contain one’s mind, then how is it that you are not thus brainwashed? And IF there is some way for an individual (such as yourself) to escape this inculcation, then is it not possible for me to have done so, and yet have a differing viewpoint?

Again, your reply seems to be: “sorry, you’re on the wrong side of the equation. If you thought the things I did, then maybe you would be a free thinker; but you don’t, so you aren’t.”

I do not wish to make this black-and-white, nor to make your stand black-and-white if it is not. Please understand that. Understand that I acknowledge the existence of hidden persuaders, but I do not believe they determine the totality of my beliefs. There is a grayscale here, IMO; my request is simply that you acknowledge the possibility of someone other than yourself being able to view the government in a logical fashion, and perhaps come to a different conclusion. That’s it.

I think your real problem with my statement is that I use the term “absolutely.” These days, I think, people tend to pooh-pooh the idea that anyone can be certain of anything. I understand this sentiment; but I am an engineer, and I think we tend to be a little more comfortable with certainties. I am not trying to imply that I am omniscient, nor that I know the inner-most workings of the mind of Karl Rove *shudder!* But I, like you, have taken the time to educate myself on the subject and I believe that my understanding is deep and broad enough to see beyond what is sold by politicians. Your reply to this seems to be: you wish! To which I have no reply. I can only tell you what I know, and make my best effort to explain the foundations of my belief.

You say that I have persistence. I do in this case, especially, because of the subject matter. I really, really do take it as a gross personal insult when someone tries to tell me that I simply do not have the ability to think for myself – which seems to be what you are doing here.

Second, you led into the above first point by saying:
Originally posted by fable
LOL! Still ignoring what I write, still twisting white to black. (Nice to see too that you set such a high tone for our exchange in advance! I'll follow your sledgehammer, sarcastic lead.)
I feel it necessary to point out that it was you who began the sarcastic trend of this thread with the very quote above (“Okay: fine. You're incredibly knowledgeable…”) I am making an effort in this post to refrain from the use of sarcasm. I hope that it will advance our discussion.

And I have high hopes that this discussion can move forward, as you did finally respond to my initial request for an explanation of your apparent double standard:
Originally posted by fable
As for me: I acknowledge being influenced, and buying things in the past on impulse which I later analyzed using the tools I'd learned in my college advertising classes. That's why I ultimately stopped watching television ads, and why I developed the habit of looking at an ad first from the viewpoint of determining what somebody wants me to buy, what responses they're trying to invoke, and how.
So, your view is that to escape from the influences of the hidden persuaders one should take college classes in advertising, stop watching TV ads, and examine fully the advertising that does reach us? In other words: be aware; be active and critical in your thinking. Good, so much we agree upon. And may I assume that you would take a similar view of the political hidden persuaders? That is, be aware and think critically of what politicians and such like are saying? I mention this in an effort to get back to the subject of the thread: patriotism. I have acknowledged that governments will try to foist off ideas (blind patriotism among them) on their constituents. My assertion is that just as the hidden persuaders of consumerism may be defeated with an active understanding (a point, I would remind you, Packard fully acknowledged), so may the hidden persuaders of politics. The only question that remains, then, is: are you, fable, and am I, Lazarus, defeating these influences? I’ll come back to this, because it is a point you dwell upon later in your post. Hold that thought.
Originally posted by fable
As you would say, go back to your class. History shows over and over that styles in a host of areas shifted glacially until the marketing of merchandise became the recognized major force in sales. Leaving aside tiny niche markets like Louis XIV's ladies at court, you'll find that clothing in general changed styles over decades. Music favorites remained favorites for several successive decades. New housing remained relatively constant in style for at least 50 years. Advertising is based on the idea that people won't change unless you make 'em. You have to remind people that they have desires. If they don't, you create them. (Or as one of my professors put it repeatedly, "Advertising creates dreams.") With the advent of marketing in late 19th century and its great expansion in the 20th, new *needs* for a range of styles in both necessities and luxuries could be created. That's not a good or bad thing: it's simply a fact. How the tools of marketing/advertising are used and misused, differs from culture to culture.
This was in response to my assertion that Packard was wrong about people being satisfied with what they have. This is getting away from the discussion at hand, but I would like to throw out an idea for your consideration. You seem rather short on patience for my views as I have not the education and study on the subject you do. That’s cool. Take it for what it is worth.

History shows that styles changed very slowly until the late 19th and 20th centuries, you say. I agree. Your view (backed, as you say, by college professors) is that what caused a dramatic increase in stylistic changes and the concomitant consumption was advertising. I would acknowledge that influence, but also point out contemporaneous changes. IMO, it wasn’t just that advertising burst on the scene and created huge demand for vast ranges of product, but that newly industrialized societies had not only the means of creating that product, and also the disposable income to purchase it. And it is, IMO, a very tangled sea-change in society. I don’t think it was just one or the other, but an interaction of both. My point was that humans have a drive towards ever more. They have a drive to create ever more efficient machines and tools, thus bringing about the ability to create a “consumerist” society. They have a desire for an ever more comfortable and beautiful life (and this has been evident from long before advertising). And they also use the inherent desire for “more” in advertising to convince us that we need ever more products. That was one of Packard’s points, and I have not contradicted it.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

Originally posted by fable
As for the rest, I would disagree with many other specific points about Hidden Persuaders that you've stated, based entirely upon your personal beliefs (and sarcasm, your friend!) rather than any studies you've done versus Packard's, and considerable misunderstanding of what Packard's goals were or the environment he operated within. (I deeply admire anybody who shows the seriousness you do in writing, "Specifically, he quotes some guy..." without researching whom that guy is, or why Packard uses him as a source.) For example, “$12,000,000 would be spent by marketers in 1956 for research in motivation.” No indication of success." LOL! Success and failure was obvious in an industry in the mid-1950s that spent, year after year, so many millions on anything; and the costs have inreased exponentially since then. Someone thinks it yields quantifiable results! And Packard's point in any case was that the industry believed marketing/advertising would more than pay for itself, at a time when the average American didn't think marketing/advertising had any effect on their lives or was worthy of serious study. (Government and industry did, but they were hardly average.) Remember, Packard's book was the first--as you note, and then promptly forget.
No, I did not forget. I stated it in an attempt to avoid seeing from you exactly the sort of derisive comment you just made, and to demonstrate that I have an understanding of Packard’s place, time, and overall value. Putting an “LOL!” After a statement of mine does not negate it’s intent or validity. My post was a reply to Packard, and an attempt to show that Packard does not prove most of the points he raises. I stand by that assertion. You indicate the subsequent investment in the MR approach proves that it works. Fine. Packard didn’t prove it. (All of which I stated very clearly in my preceding posts.)

Once again, please bear in mind that I am not trying to state that advertising is absolutely invalid, nor that we are not influenced to a greater or lesser extent by the hidden persuaders. I have stated this approximately 6 times since the beginning of the discussion, but I think you have lost that point somewhere along the way, especially when I read things like:
Originally posted by fable
But this is irrelevant to our exchange. Because in the end--returning to my main point, and the reason I even mentioned Packard, or suggested him as part of a series to be read--you will not accept as tenable the idea that people are influenced to believe something without having all knowledge, logic, and an absence of emotional involvement at their disposal. This is because you personally believe you have not. (Once again: "I have an absolutely clear understanding of the positive and negative aspects of the US."). This has nothing to do with whether colorful phones are better than black ones, and everything to do with the fact that many people do or buy things because they've been convinced by marketing, without any realization that they've been completely manipulated. You can't be, I know; I bow, as someone how has been thoroughly manipulated, before your rectitude and wisdom, which throws out every college degree in advertising/marketing and ever concept on which Madison Avenue has been based. As a result, since you haven't been manipulated by advertising, others haven't, and I'm only being cynical. Your personal observations outweigh any research Packard or his many successors could have made, despite the fact that you've got nothing to back yourself up except personal opinion. Since this is the case, our argument is as useless now as it was when we first got into it. If you're the knowledgeable superman who knows what is the truth, the logical fallacy of whatever he hears, and the motivations of whatever he sees, of course I won't be able to demonstrate to you that the beliefs of we poor mortals are often determined by what we see and hear. Or that we are often at the mercy of people who study, research and control those desires, fears, and hatreds--such as I pointed out in relation to the use of radio as an all-encompassing propaganda tool in Nazi Germany, or the use of hate radio as the means to stir up people in the Rwanda/Burundi genocide, a decade ago.
You again bring up that rankling statement: “I have an absolutely clear…” Let me further elucidate, as it seems you really cannot stand to hear such things.

Say my works involves designing aircraft wings (it doesn’t but I have taken the courses necessary to do so). A device like an aluminum wing will see repetitive motion (up and down) which will cause what is called fatigue in the material itself. Eventually, fatigue will become catastrophic, and the device will fail. It’s just like if you bend a paperclip back and forth repeatedly until it breaks. A great deal of study, of course, has been put into understanding materials and their fatigue limits. When a wing is designed, however, the engineer can only say: “Based on the parameters of the material, and expected stresses to be seen in use, I designed this wing to have a life of 10^6 cycles.” What you are far more likely to hear, however, is: “I am certain that the wing will endure 10^6 cycles.” And they do. It is almost unheard of for such components to fail due to fatigue, and this is because of the extent of understanding of the materials, and the stresses that will be seen – the depth and breadth of background knowledge that goes into the decision-making process of design. On the other hand, it is remotely possible that the wing will fail after 10^5, or 10^4, or 10^2 cycles if some unforeseen defect in the material propagates a crack, or some unexpected stresses occur.

The point? The point is to emphasize (again) that I do not claim omniscience, but do claim a healthy understanding of government, politics, ethics, and other such related subjects which are required to make a decision and take a stand on the subject of patriotism. Thus, I do believe that I can say: "I have an absolutely clear understanding of the positive and negative aspects of the US.” This is not to imply that I know everything there is to know – but if you take omniscience as your standard, I’m afraid we all fall a bit short, do we not?

At any rate, I am certain that I am perfectly justified in making my original statement on this whole subject (way back on page 2, or thereabouts):

“But I will say that I very much admire the US. I admire her for the freedom she affords her citizens, her (somewhat) capitalistic economy, her (mostly) tolerant and open society. Those are what make her strong, and so I admire her strength, also, as a consequence (mainly) of her freedom. This is not mindless nationalism. It is recognition of virtue. Millions of people have recognized that virtue, and come to this nation to be a part of her strength. And that, too, is admirable.”

I purposely included such qualifying statements as you see there to make clear that I am not being a jingoistic patriot who believes the US is all spotless and perfect. I really believe that this is the basis of any discussion on the subject, and I hardly see how my heavily qualified statement can be argued against.

If your counterpoint is to simply say that I have neither the education nor the understanding to make such statements, that is certainly your prerogative. It only brings us back to my firm belief that I understand the contents of my mind better than you or anyone else.

You have taken the time to give your “credentials” on the subject (your education, your work experience, your refusal to watch ads, and your active review of advertising that does reach you). Is this what you demand from me before you will accept that I may have the ability to form independent thoughts? Do you require that I list the books I have read, the classes I have taken, the manner in which I approach media/politics, etc, before you will believe that I have abilities approaching those you possess? I can certainly do all that, if you believe that it is necessary for the discussion at hand – but where would it get us? Past experiences and education do not automatically make what we say true or valid. And in any event, we have not identical backgrounds, and so one could always claim that the other is simply missing a key element to understanding.

Personally, I view such an approach to debate as slightly offensive as well as counter-productive. If you have information which you believe is necessary to the discussion, give it. I have taken the time to read the one source you have suggested, and found it of limited merit.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
User avatar
Lazarus
Posts: 443
Joined: Tue Sep 11, 2001 10:00 pm
Location: The Facility
Contact:

Post by Lazarus »

Originally posted by fable
Nazis and radio. Burundi and radio. Millions of people (save you) can be convinced that one thing is its opposite, and act upon that, with hatred or anything else, based on the marketing of misinformation or carefully massaged information, with a nice, heavy dose of emotive undercurrent. You're seeing your inevitable way around the lies isn't relevant to the fact that it happened on an enormous scale in these events, and continues to happen with less momentous consequences all the time: it's all about marketing. Marketing has the tools and the money, and history provides the proof that it can move mountains--and convince people they have everything they need to make intelligent judgments, all the time.
First off, this is not Nazi Germany, nor Burundi. I mention this because I like to nitpick and because bringing up such examples tends to drop contexts and obfuscate the subject at hand (or, as Gruntboy (RIP) would say: “you mentioned Nazi Germany – you lose”). Yes, Nazi Germany managed to convince a lot of people of some very false ideas. But you can’t drop the context of that situation. It wasn’t just radio; it was Leni, and it was state-controlled press, and it was a very long-standing distrust of Jews, and it was Hitler, and it was Weimar, and it was the economic situation, and it was the Saarland, and it was Alsace-Lorraine, and it was a police state with all means of terror at it’s disposal, and it was a million other factors that simply do not exist in 21st century America. The same is true of Burundi (of which my knowledge is limited enough to say only that).

Second, (as I have stated on numerous occasions) I do not discount that such things occurred and continue to occur. I understand that the same methods may be used across continents and peoples. My point is only that you, and I, and nearly every other individual here in the US does indeed have the ability to view politics and patriotism in a rational and unbiased fashion. Again, if you believe that your unique background provides you with the understanding to see clearly, while mine does not, you are entitled to that view. To foist it off as fact that you have this ability, and I simply do not, however, seems to me high-handed and arbitrary. You have no idea what I know, and I think it extremely revealing that you did not start this debate by asking: “What is it that makes you believe what you do about patriotism?” or, “What understanding do you have of our government?” Instead, you simply stated that it was unthinkable that I could be certain of my understanding and beliefs.
Originally posted by fable
This whole discussion is actually bizarre. I'm trying to convince you of the foundation upon which Madison Avenue, advertising, and marketing were built and have operated for over a hundred years. I've taken course work, did marketing, visited and interviewed some of the big names, worked in and (twice) ran major market media over the years. I've seen the first round mockups of some celebrated advertising campaigns, the suggestions and alterations, read the research of focus groups showing whose opinions are changed, and when. I know: who cares? Of course there's no reason you should accept any of it on hearsay. But from my perspective, your ability to know more than the CEOs I've interviewed and even the work I've done reads like a flight-from-reality. And why am I even trying to convince you of this? -No, don't answer that one. Even your constant penchant for sarcasm has to show some pity. I know I'm an idiot.
See above. I would agree that the discussion has taken a bizarre turn. You and I tend to frustrate one another, I think, due to very different world-views. I always get something out of our little tete-a-tetes, even if we never come to any conclusion or agreement. As I stated earlier, though, this is one subject I am loathe to simply drop as it goes right to the heart of who I am – or who any of us are, for that matter. Are we mindless drones of Madison Avenue and Uncle Sam? Or are we independent thinkers (yes, I acknowledge also a spectrum of possibilities in between)? How do we get from one to the other? Is it possible for a simply critical thinker? Or must one have worked in the industry to see it for what it really is? Is a college education necessary? Are certain books required reading? I’m not trying to be sarcastic here. I am very curious as to what you believe would enable one to rise above the influences. Is it even possible to fully do so?

To answer my own questions, from my own point of view, I would say that one can indeed escape such influences. I don’t think any particularly esoteric knowledge is needed, but rather simply an active and critical thought process. I would pointedly add that Packard agreed with me. If you view such an opinion as simplistic or ignorant, so be it; but then it is not only me who you must accuse of taking “flight-from-reality,” but also your own celebrated Doctor.

A final note: you should be aware of my method of response for these big write-ups. I copy your stuff into Word, and write my reply over the course of days (I can only find odd bits of time to work on fun stuff like this). I only mention it because I know you have a propensity to massage your posts over time, sometimes changing them quite dramatically. One of these days, I am sure, I will copy too early, and what appears as written by you in my reply will not match what is your final version as shown. You will, I hope, trust that I am not intentionally altering your words. I typically give you a good day or two to play around with your post before carrying it off to my C-drive, so hopefully that is sufficient.

EDIT: Ooops! Now I'm editing my posts! I just ran across this Postrel article (pdf) and thought I'd throw it in.
A is A . . . but Siouxsie defies definition.

Lazarus' fun site o' the month: Daily Ablutions.
Post Reply