Originally posted by VoodooDali
Well, actually I am from the US. Beautiful New Jersey.
I disagree with your statement that "nihilism and atheism became dominant philosophies" in the 20th c. I think that what Nietszche and Dostoyevsky both recognized was that they had become "possible" philosophies. They wanted to imagine what the outcome of having a world-view without God would be. In some of their imaginings, it's a self-destructive nihilistic vision, in Nietszche's vision, though, it is more concerned with how that expands the role of mankind and what humans could evolve into (the Superman). Nietszche's vision was used incorrectly in an unfortunate way in the Nazi regime.
However, the dominant culture in Western society does believe in God, so atheism did not come to dominate, at the least.
This sort of argument makes me think of Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain. Two of the characters in the book--Settembrini and Naphta -- are used to contrast optimistic humanism and pessimistic absolutist ideology in unexpected ways. Through their convoluted arguments, they end up with conclusions very different from what one would expect. However, Mann is clear in characterizing them as intrinsically linked, two sides of the same coin. Neither could exist without the other, therefore Settembrini follows Naphta when he moves to a private apartment, and their arguments are so connected that their contrasting viewpoints cancel each other out. The fate of each character is also a carefully constructed commentary of each character's life view. They end with a duel. Settembrini shoots his gun in the air. Naphta shoots himself. Naphta's suicide during the duel highlights the self destructive nature of absolutist views when they finally become absolute without resistance. Settembrini's optimistic views simply lead to disillusionment.
Atheism and nihilism did not become dominant in North America, except perhaps in the university lecture halls and scientific labs of atheist scientists and philosophers. They did, however, become manifest in Communism and National Socialism, which became dominant political philosophies in the very countries from which Nietzche and Dostoyevsky hailed. For a number of interesting reasons, the strength of the Judeo-Christian worldview pre-eminent among them, atheism never really took root in the United States.
RE: Relativism. In all my life, I've never met a true moral relativist. Their theories sound good on paper, but in life and practice I can't tell one relativist from another. 'Cuz even if you hold to one, and only one, moral absolute (ie. rape is wrong), you cannot honestly consider yourself relativist. Like a neuron firing action potentials, relativism is an all or nothing response. Even my 4th year Ethics professor, who seemed to enjoy nothing more than to demolish my absolutist arguments, eventually had to admit (albeit, at the end of the semester) that she believed that the murder of innocent children could not be justified in any way.