I have activated the quest 'Bastilla's Mother', but for some reason even though I've been visited by the twi'lek and the Duros, I can't find her mother in Anchorhead Cantina.
If she isn't where it says she is in the walkthrough, then you either need to go to a previously saved game or start over. There really isn't anything else you can do to fix a bug, that is if it is a bug. Try the bioware forum.
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The only thing that your journal will say is that you need to find her in the cantina. Try entering and exiting the cantina, or try loading. I never had this problem so I don't know how much this will help.